Research Library

HOMA-IR is the most practical clinical tool for assessing insulin resistance

T2D drug-free remission: 46% (59/128); HbA1c 65.5→48 mmol/mol (P<0.001); weight 99.7→91.4 kg; prediabetes: 93% normalized HbA1c; £50,885/year prescription savings

Early 6-hour eating window improved insulin sensitivity by 36% without weight loss

60% achieved diabetes reversal while 94% reduced or eliminated insulin

Ectopic lipid in liver and muscle is the primary driver of insulin resistance

Over 50% with normal glucose have hyperinsulinemia - earliest metabolic disease marker

Type 2 diabetes frequently associated with extracellular and intracellular magnesium deficits; intracellular Mg critical for insulin action and glucose uptake; benefits of supplementation found in most studies

Pattern 4 (120-min peak, lower at 30 min): 47.8% diabetes incidence, OR 12.55 (95% CI 4.79-32.89) vs early peak patterns; Pattern 5: 37.5% incidence, OR 8.34

TOFI individuals appear lean but carry elevated visceral and organ fat

Carbohydrate restriction reduced insulin 50% and improved sensitivity 55%

Carbohydrate restriction improved triglycerides, HDL, and metabolic syndrome markers more effectively than a low-fat diet

Subjects with FLI >60 had IMT of 0.64±0.08 mm vs 0.58±0.08 mm in FLI <20. FLI correlated with CHD risk (r=0.48) and inversely with insulin sensitivity (r=-0.43).

Ectopic fat in liver and muscle, not BMI, determines metabolic health

23.5% of normal-weight adults have metabolic dysfunction; BMI alone misses risk

Elevated ALT (>30 U/L) associated with waist circumference and insulin resistance even in young population; males OR 7.7, fasting insulin per 1 SD OR 1.6

Multiple skin tags indicate 3x higher diabetes risk; >30 tags = 52% diabetes

QUICKI showed high accuracy as a surrogate for insulin sensitivity, with performance maintained across BMI categories and glucose tolerance status.

TG/HDL ratio ≥3.5 identifies insulin-resistant, dyslipidemic individuals with sensitivity and specificity comparable to metabolic syndrome criteria

TG/HDL ratio ≥3.0 (mg/dL) or ≥1.3 (mmol/L) identifies insulin-resistant individuals with ~64-79% sensitivity